The present work aims to analyze the dimensions of culture and identity from the reference points of the mother tongue of Peoples and Traditional Communities, Pomeranian segment. We approach the cultural context and the identity processes of these people, focusing the analysis on the issues of linguistic rights, especially those of mother tongue and their uses in school spaces. The data production process was done through field surveys, in this movement interviews were made with the subjects of the local culture and insertion in schools in the Serra do Tapes. We analyze the denials of mother tongue rights, made over the years to traditional peoples. We conclude that culture and mother tongue are constitutive elements of identity, strengthening the importance of a process of revitalization of the language through indenitous struggles.