Lost in translation-the influence of language on infant sleep research

Objectives: We consider whether language shapes cultural interpretations of sleep in the family context using ethnographic data from the Czech Republic to explore one of the methods employed by Czech parents in helping their children aged 0-3 years to fall asleep. Methods: Multi-methodological ethnographic data were collected in the Czech Republic during 2015-2018 with supplemental online data obtained in 2020. This involved focus groups with 90 participants in mother baby centers, and interviews with 30 families, supplemented with 468 online responses. Results: In the Czech Republic the use of parental presence with or without physical contact to help a child to fall asleep is a widespread practice. It is well-embedded within Czech culture and referred to by a widely known term: Uspavani. Parents expressed multiple motivations for using Uspavani to help their child sleep. Discussion: Within much of the Anglophone sleep literature the practice of actively helping a child to fall asleep is perceived as problematic. A child who cannot fall asleep alone is considered to exhibit "behavioral insomnia of childhood," and parents are advised to prevent this "sleep problem" by promoting self-soothing techniques in infancy. We suggest that as there is no English-language equivalent for the word Uspavani the concept it encapsulates is under-valued by sleep researchers, and the practice and its consequences are insufficiently researched. Conclusions: Some important variations in parental sleep practices that are embedded in everyday family systems lack English terminology; Uspavani is one such example. This may lead to researchers overlooking or rejecting the validity of such diverse family sleep practices. There is a need for more ethnographic research of sleep in the context of different cultural environments and family systems to explore how language constrains understanding of parent-child sleep. (c) 2021 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.