Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) polymorphism in two Brazilian populations

The distribution of GSTM1 phenotype frequencies was studied in two Brazilian samples composed of healthy and unrelated blood donors of both sexes ranging in age from 18 to 61 years. The first sample consisted of 658 individuals from Rio de Janeiro, and the second included 179 individuals from Brasilia. The GSTM1 phenotypes were detected using PCR reactions and subsequent digestion by the restriction enzyme HaeII. The GSTM1 null phenotype frequency was 46% and 49% for Rio de Janeiro and Brasilia samples, respectively. The GSTM1 phenotype distributions were not in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in either sample, chi (2)(1) = 11.49 (P<0.001) for Rio de Janeiro and <chi>(2)(1) = 6.77 (P<0.01) for Brasilia. This deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium may be due to factors such as selection, errors in the phenotype determination or incomplete panmixia of the Brazilian population, whose main racial components are Caucasians, Africans and Indians.