Comparison of Cell Fusions Induced by Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2

Virus-cell fusion is the key step for viral infection in host cells. Studies on virus binding and fusion with host cells are important for understanding the virus-host interaction and viral pathogenesis for the discovery of antiviral drugs. In this review, we focus on the virus-cell fusions induced by the two major pandemic viruses, including the influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. We further compare the cell fusions induced by the influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, especially the pH-dependent fusion of the influenza virus and the fusion of SARS-CoV-2 in the type-II transmembrane serine protease 2 negative (TMPRSS2(-)) cells with syncytia formation. Finally, we present the development of drugs used against SARA-CoV-2 and the influenza virus through the discovery of anti-fusion drugs and the prevention of pandemic respiratory viruses.