The aim of the article is to show basic types of cultural dialogue and to determine their specific characteristics. The subject of the research is synchronic and diachronic types of cross-cultural dialogue. The object of the research is dialogue as a type of cross-cultural interaction. In the course of the investigation, both general logical methods and techniques of research (analysis, synthesis, abstracting, deduction and induction) and general scientific methods (comparative, system) were used. The theoretical and methodological basis consists of principles of Mikhail Bakhtin's scientific school of cross-cultural dialogue that shows the specific character of interaction between a recipient and cultural heritage documented in culture texts; Yury Lotman' s semiotic concept of culture which defines cross-cultural dialogue as a complex social and cultural phenomenon (characterized by multiple phases, roles of a culture bearer and a receiver taking turns), which is necessary for the creative development of the recipient's culture; Abdusalam Guseinov's, Moisey Kagan and Vladislav Lektorsky's ideas stating that cultural dialogue is a specific type of cross-cultural interaction characterized by intersubjectivity and an immanent attitude towards another person as some original reality. The analysis of the research approaches to the essence of cultural dialogue allows singling out three types according to the spatio-temporal grounds: vertical-synchronic, vertical-diachronic and horizontal-synchronic. It has been specified that a vertical-synchronic dialogue is an indirect interaction between a recipient and a foreign tradition; a vertical-diachronic dialogue is an indirect correlation of current and previous cultural states; a horizontal-synchronic dialogue is a specific type of connection between coexisting national and ethnic types of culture. It is mentioned in the article that in the real process of cross-cultural interactions horizontal-synchronic and vertical-synchronic types of cultural dialogue are closely connected as the frequency increase of a synchronic dialogue involving a foreign culture leads to the activation of diachronic relations with everything included in their current memory. The study of vertical-synchronic and vertical-diachronic cultural dialogues has shown that a dialogue with the past cannot be direct. Culture texts (culture fragments) belonging to different historical periods play a role of mediators in the interactions of this kind. When analysing a synchronic cultural dialogue (of horizontal and vertical types), it has been determined that the latter is an intersubjective bidirectional process characterized by an alternate activity of a culture bearer and a receiver (communicating culture and receiving culture). This type of cultural dialogue is a multiphase process including transmission of foreign culture elements, their introduction under foreign conditions, creativity in the manner of a foreign culture, connection of own and foreign, original and borrowed elements, creation of something fundamentally new and response of the recipient's culture. The analysis of research literature has revealed that synchronic cultural dialogue is a specific type of cross-cultural interaction characterized by aiming at equality, partnership, securing cultural stability, attitude towards another person as some original reality; this way, it turns out to be an episodic situation in cross-cultural interaction.
