Compositions, sources and health risks of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at a petrochemical industrial park along the Yangtze River

Petrochemical industry (PI) is an important emission sector of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The health impacts of VOCs from PI have caused a wide attention by both scientists and publics. In this study, compositions, sources and health risks of VOCs at a typical petrochemical industrial park along the middle reach of Yangtze River were studied. The total VOC concentrations were in the range of 5.59 to 541 ppbv with a mean value of 54.8 ppbv. Alkanes (41.4 +/- 15.7%) were the predominant group, followed by alkenes (19.9 +/- 18.3%), OVOCs (14.7 +/- 9.26%), halo hydrocarbon (11.2 +/- 6.42%), aromatics (8.17 +/- 5.08%), and acetylene (4.54 +/- 2.80%). Compound-specific health risk results showed that acrolein and 1,3-butadiene had the highest non-carcinogenic risk (expressed by hazard ratio, HR: 22.8) and carcinogenic risk (expressed by lifetime cancer risk, LCR: 6.7 x 10(-3)), respectively. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified four VOC sources including fuel evaporation, industrial sources, ethylene industry and regional background with the average contributions of 35.6%, 12.0%, 26.5% and 25.9%, respectively. The receptor-originated approach combining the PMF model and conventional methods (HR and LCR) was used to assess the source-specific health risks. The non-cancer risks of four VOC sources were above safe level with regional background contributing most (38.3% or 4.91) to HR. The cancer risks of the four sources were below the tolerable level (<10(-4)) and regional background also contributed most, with relative contribution of 58.4% (or 10(-4.22)) to LCR. Our results are conductive to the formulation of countermeasures to reduce human exposure to ambient VOCs at petrochemical industrial parks in China. (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.