Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis

被引:12
|
作者
Khan, Nabab [1 ]
Geiger, Jonathan D. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ North Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Biomed Sci, 504 Hamline St, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA
来源
VIRUSES-BASEL | 2021年 / 13卷 / 08期
关键词
human immunodeficiency virus-1 and-2; simian immunodeficiency viruses; viral protein U (Vpu); bone marrow stromal antigen 2; transmembrane domain; endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway; endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; endolysosomes; autophagy; SIMIAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN; DOWN-MODULATION; BETA-TRCP; T-CELLS; TYPE-1; HIV-1; TETHERIN; RELEASE;
D O I
10.3390/v13081466
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 originated from cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Most of these transfers resulted in limited spread of these viruses to humans. However, one transmission event involving SIVcpz from chimpanzees gave rise to group M HIV-1, with M being the principal strain of HIV-1 responsible for the AIDS pandemic. Vpu is an HIV-1 accessory protein generated from Env/Vpu encoded bicistronic mRNA and localized in cytosolic and membrane regions of cells capable of being infected by HIV-1 and that regulate HIV-1 infection and transmission by downregulating BST-2, CD4 proteins levels, and immune evasion. This review will focus of critical aspects of Vpu including its zoonosis, the adaptive hurdles to cross-species transmission, and future perspectives and broad implications of Vpu in HIV-1 infection and dissemination.
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页数:14
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