Using of pyrophyllite bearing red clay for ceramic tile production

In this study the use of the kaolinite, which contains very low levels of pyrophyllite, as a ceramic tiles material was studied. Chemical, mineralogical analysis and thermal behaviours of the clay were determined. After analysing the chemical, mineralogical content and thermal behaviour of the clay, the shaping properties were determined according to Atterberg and Pfefferkorn plasticity tests. The samples that had been shaped with vacuum extrusion were fired at between 600 degrees C to 1200 degrees C with 100 degrees C internals. Mineralogical, physical-mechanical properties and microstructure of fired samples were determined. As a result, it was seen that the grain size of the clay and its plasticity values are suitable for ceramic tile and formation of secondary mullite as well as lamellar shaped pore structure at low temperatures (1100 degrees C) has positive effect on mechanical properties. It was determined that ceramic tile can be produced at 1000 C for Group All(b) and at 1100 degrees C for Croup All(a) according to Turkish Standard (TS EN ISO 14411). The colour and aesthetic appearance of the fired products correspond the market demands with smooth surface.