Are two internal thoracic grafts better than one in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease? Analysis of 387 cases between 1996-2011

Objectives Bilateral internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafting is associated with improved survival. However, potential survival benefit of using two ITA's in patients with chronic lung disease (CLD) is questionable due to their increased risk of sternal wound infection (SWI) compared to operations incorporating single ITA (SITA). The purpose of this study is to compare early and long-term outcome of bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafting to that of grafting with single internal thoracic grafts and vein grafts or radial artery (SITA) in CLD patients with multi-vessels coronary disease. Methods One hundred and forty eight CLD patients who underwent BITA between 1996 and 2011 were compared with 239 who underwent SITA at the same period. Results SITA patients were more often female, more likely to have insulin treated diabetes (DM), DM with end organ damage, neurologic dysfunction and unstable angina. Despite of the difference in preoperative characteristics, early mortality (5.4% vs. 5.4%, in the SITA and BITA respectively, p = 0 < .999) and occurrences of SWI (6.3% vs 9.5%, p = 0.320) and strokes (3.8% vs 5.4%,p = 0.611) were not significantly different between groups. BITA patients did not have better Kaplan-Meier 10 year survival (52.8% vs. 42.6%, p = 0.088) and after matching, BITA and SITA had similar adjusted survival (HR 0.983[95%Cl 0.755-1.280] p = 0.901) (cox model). Conclusion Our study results suggest that in patients with CLD, the choice of BITA grafting technique did not provide survival benefit compared to SITA with other conduits.