Performance of beef cows and calves fed different sources of rumen-degradable protein when grazing stockpiled limpograss pastures

Two experiments evaluated the effects of different sources of RDP on forage characteristics, animal performance, and ruminal and blood parameters of beef cattle grazing stockpiled limpograss (Hemarthria altissima) from January to May 2011 and 2012. In Exp. 1, 24 mature lactating beef cows and their respective calves were allocated to 8 stockpiled limpograss pastures (3 pairs/pasture). Treatments were 2 different sources of RDP, urea or cottonseed (Gossypium spp.) meal (CSM), distributed in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates. Feather meal and corn (Zea mays) meal were added to the urea treatments to balance RUP and energy. Treatments were mixed in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) molasses, which resulted in 3 kg DM/cow per day of supplement. There were no differences (P > 0.10) in herbage mass (HM; 3,200 +/- 400 kg DM/ha), herbage allowance (HA; 1.9 +/- 0.2 kg DM/kg of BW), CP (5.2 +/- 0.2%), and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM; 47 +/- 0.5%) concentrations. There was a decrease (P < 0.10) in HM (from 4,100 to 2,600 kg/ha), IVDOM (from 46 to 39.9%), and HA (from 2.5 to 1.4 kg DM/kg BW) from January to March. Cow ADG (0.23 +/- 0.08 kg/d), BCS (4.6 +/- 0.2), milk yield 7.0 +/- 0.4 kg/d), and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN; 16.1 +/- 0.8 mg/dL) and calf ADG (0.71 +/- 0.05 kg/d) were similar (P > 0.10) among treatments. Sixteen cow-calf pairs were moved to 8 drylot pens after Exp. 1, maintained on the same treatment, and evaluated for forage and total DMI. There was no difference in forage (P = 0.16; 2.1 +/- 0.1% BW) and total DMI (P = 0.12; 2.5 +/- 0.1% BW) between treatments. In Exp. 2, 2 rumen-cannulated steers were used in a 2 x 2 Latin square design, replicated in 2011 and 2012, to test the effects of the same treatments on rumen fluid and blood parameters. There was no difference (P > 0.10) in ruminal NH3-N (12.9 +/- 0.3 mg/dL), pH (6.5 +/- 0.1), propionic acid (25 +/- 2.2 mol/100 mol), acetic acid (69.2 +/- 2.9 mol/100 mol), and butyric acid (4.5 +/- 0.5 mol/100 mol) as well as branched-chain VFA (1.3 +/- 2.2 mol/100 mol) concentrations in the rumen. In addition, there was no difference (P = 0.91) in PUN (7.9 +/- 0.3 mg/dL) concentration between treatments. Therefore, urea can be as effective as CSM as the main source of RDP in the molasses-based supplement offered to mature lactating beef cows grazing stockpiled limpograss pastures.