Principles of Combined Surgical Therapy for the Management of Peri-Implantitis

Focused Clinical Question: The purpose of this technical note is to present the principles for combined therapy as well as to illustrate the step-by-step approach of this procedure to efficiently manage peri-implantitis. Summary: Peri-implantitis is the primary threat that compromises the longevity of dental implants. This entity is regarded as a biofilm-mediated inflammatory condition. As such, the arrestment of disease is conditioned by the elimination of the etiological factor and the clinical resolution of inflammation by eliminating pathogenic pockets. It was suggested that the therapy of peri-implantitis relies upon defect configuration. In this sense, defect configuration is, in part, conditioned by the dimensions of the alveolar bone and implant position. In the clinical basis, it is frequent to identify combined defects exhibiting area(s) where reconstructive therapy is inefficient due to uncontained defect morphology. These situations represent clinical indications for combined therapy. Conclusions: This therapeutic modality is based on the combination of reconstructive therapy in the infraosseous defect component and surface modification for the area of the implant within the supracrestal component or outside the reparative potential.