Investigation of the Possibilities of Aerodynamic Forms of a Lander Capable of Maneuverable Descent in the Venus Atmosphere

This paper considers various types of a lander for the possibility of making maneuverable descent to the Venus surface, conducts a comparative analysis of these landers and determines their design characteristics, namely, maneuverability and mass characteristics. The calculation of the aerodynamic characteristics for the chosen lander type is presented using the numerical method according to the Newton's theory of hypersonic flow and ways of ensuring the lander stability are considered. Proposed lander configurations have certain values of the lift-to-drag ratio for hypersonic flow, are capable of maneuvering and landing in the set areas, which are the most promising for exploration. Besides, they are characterized by improved thermal operation regimes and reduced overloads during the descent in the Venus atmosphere, and they can help to expand a range of solving scientific tasks.