Feedback-Driven Trial-by-Trial Learning in Autism Spectrum Disorders

被引:34
|
作者
Solomon, Marjorie [1 ]
Frank, Michael J.
Ragland, J. Daniel
Smith, Anne C.
Niendam, Tara A.
Lesh, Tyler A.
Grayson, David S.
Beck, Jonathan S.
Matter, John C.
Carter, Cameron S.
机构
[1] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
来源
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY | 2015年 / 172卷 / 02期
关键词
COGNITIVE CONTROL; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; POWER CALCULATION; SAMPLE-SIZE; DEFICITS; REWARD; FMRI; MECHANISMS; FEAR;
D O I
10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14010036
中图分类号
R749 [精神病学];
学科分类号
100205 ;
摘要
Objective: Impairments in learning are central to autism spectrum disorders. The authors investigated the cognitive and neural basis of these deficits in young adults with autism spectrum disorders using a well-characterized probabilistic reinforcement learning paradigm. Method: The probabilistic selection task was implemented among matched participants with autism spectrum disorders (N=22) and with typical development (N=25), aged 18-40 years, using rapid event-related functional MRI. Participants were trained to choose the correct stimulus in high-probability (AB), medium-probability (CD), and low-probability (EF) pairs, presented with valid feedback 80%, 70%, and 60% of the time, respectively. Whole-brain voxel-wise and parametric modulator analyses examined early and late learning during the stimulus and feedback epochs of the task. Results: The groups exhibited comparable performance on medium- and low-probability pairs. Typically developing persons showed higher accuracy on the high-probability pair, better win-stay performance (selection of the previously rewarded stimulus on the next trial of that type), and. more robust recruitment of the anterior and medial prefrontal cortex during the stimulus epoch, suggesting development of an intact reward-based working memory for recent stimulus values. Throughout the feedback epoch, individuals with autism spectrum disorders exhibited greater recruitment of the anterior cingulate and orbito-frontal cortices compared with individuals with typical development, indicating continuing trial-by-trial activity related to feedback processing. Conclusions: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders exhibit learning deficits reflecting impaired ability to develop an effective reward-based working memory to guide stimulus selection. Instead, they continue to rely on trial-by-trial feedback processing to support learning dependent upon engagement of the anterior cingulate and orbito-frontal cortices.
引用
收藏
页码:173 / 181
页数:9
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