Qualitative study of motivational and biocultural factors for participation in breast cancer screening

Objectives: To qualitatively investigate sociocultural factors that motivate women to participate in a breast cancer screening campaign. Methodology: An ethnographic methodology involving participant observation was used. This was adapted for medical research: 50 semi-structured interviews were conducted. They were recorded, completely rewritten and then analysed. In Bouches-du-Rhone (3(rd) screening campaign), the 25 women interviewed had not participated in the two previous campaigns. In Charente (1st screening campaign), the 25 women interviewed only participated after receiving a reminder invitation. Results: If the role of mammography screening is accepted, it does not necessarily result in participation. Reasons for non-participation in the initial invitations were: novelty, social and family restrictions, and the management of concomitant health problems. The media, women's press, the fear of losing social benefits or the lack of charge for the test were participation factors. The various screening methods are still not integrated. There are cultural and environmental variations. In Bouches-du-Rho ne, health professionals and daughter's opinions have a relevant role. Climatic factors are also involved: not participating previously because of the mistral. In Charente, the sociability network, and invitations on a per district basis resulted in better participation. Public-spiritedness was influential: women only came out of politeness to the association organising the campaign. Conclusion: Participation decisions are still based on a variety of discussions. The general practitioner, especially in Bouches-du-Rhone, has a strategic role. The receipt of an invitation calls for women to be responsible for their own health. Information and the sociability network allow women to get involved in the liminal phase of a propitiary ritual.