From Florence to fossil fuels: Nursing has always been about environmental health

Background: Since its founding, professional nursing has applied an environmental lens to healing. Methods: This CANS 2020 Keynote article describes the history of nursing environmental science and nurses important contributions to the US Environmental Justice Movement. Starting with Florence Nightingale's Notes on Nursing, which established Environmental Theory, the paper introduces key figures throughout nursing history who have studied and advocated for environmental health and justice. Findings: The paper emphasizes that nursing has always been about environmental health and that, regardless of specialty or practice setting, all nurses are called to incorporate environmental science and translation into their research and practice. Conclusion: This call to action is especially critical today in the context of urgent issues like climate change, environmental racism and racial health disparities, emerging infectious diseases like COVID-19, and chemical exposures in the home and workplace (among others). Cite this article: McCauley, L., Hayes, R., (2021, September/October). From Florence to fossil fuels: Nursing has always been about environmental health. Nurs Outlook, 69(5), 720-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. outlook.2021.06.007.