Assessing of channel structure and magnetic properties on heavy metal ions removal from water

The synthesis of Li1.1Co0.3Fe2.1O4 ferrite nanoparticles has been synthesized by the citrate auto-combustion method. The distribution of cations on A-site and B-site is studied by X-ray diffraction and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. The Williamson-Hall analysis and Debye-Scherrer method are used to study the individual contributions of crystallite sizes on the peak broadening of Li1.1Co0.3Fe2.1O4. The estimated crystallite size of the investigated sample obtained from the Williamson-Hall plot and the Scherrer method agrees well with each other. HRTEM analysis confirms the homogeneous formation of the cubic phase. The calculated height and spacing parameters related to roughness are essential to achieve the efficiency of Li1.1Co0.3Fe2.1O4 to be used in microbatteries, smart windows, smart mirrors, gas sensors, and other applications. According to the obtained data, the Li1.1Co0.3Fe2.1O4 has a spiky surface with kurtosis of the line (R-ku) equals 5.5. Additionally, the magnetic hysteresis loop has been clarified using the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. The double peak characteristic in the Switching field distribution reveals the competition between exchange coupling and strong dipolar interactions. Li1.1Co0.3Fe2.1O4 has employed as a sorbent material for the removal of lead (II) ions from wastewater. The main advantages of the synthesized sample are ease of separation, high adsorption, low cost as well as recycled with notable efficiency. Two models of adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir) are utilized to recognize the adsorption mechanism.