Foraging in a complex environment: from foraging strategies to emergent spatial properties

Spatial interactions between herbivores and vegetation resources drive plant and animal dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Energy maximization is often proposed as an important factor determining diet selection, however, few studies have made the link between different energy-maximizing strategies and emergent properties, such as the spatial pattern of defoliation. Using an individual-based model, we investigate the role of several hypothetical perceptual traits in the formation of defoliation patterns and the consequences for the foraging performance of the animals. Results suggest that in complex mosaics of poor quality vegetation, highly perceptual strategies are not necessarily an advantage, however, perceptual traits can have a strong impact on the spatial pattern of defoliation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.