Oil palm in the face of climate change: A review of recommendations

Climate change imposes serious challenges in oil palm production and the current pace of adaptation and mitigation cannot continue to support oil palm production. We reviewed and analysed literature that reports sustainable recommendations, adaptation and mitigation measures to deal with impacts of climate change. Literature spanning the period 2000-2020 were systematically reviewed and several consistent recommendations emerged which require time frame and actionable plan for sustainability. The review categorized the identified recommendations into groups; fertilizer, policy, soil management, sustainability, water management, research and development, best development practices and agroecological practices. Sustainable implementation of adaptation requires collaboration from diverse disciplines to come together and work toward defined objective(s) through certain principles that guide adaptation; these principles must be consistent, operational and more specific, must be practical and achievable recommendation for inclusion into policies and must be embrace by all and sundry for sustainable development.