Predictive biomarkers of response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy and bacillus Calmette-Guerin failure for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

Within the heterogeneous population of patients with bacillus Calmette-Guerin failure, there are clear differences in prognosis and therapy with regard to the timeline when bacillus Calmette-Guerin failure occurred. There are a variety of classifications which include bacillus Calmette-Guerin refractory disease, relapsing, unresponsive, and intolerant. Further profiling of these patients may help to shed light on other forms of therapy that are less radical. We hereby summarize the different biomarkers that predicts for response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy and bacillus Calmette-Guerin failure for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.