Analysis of quantization-based audio watermarking in DA/AD conversions

Digital audio watermarking may suffer from the different attacks simultaneously in DA/AD conversions, which may be modeled to noise corruption, modification of signal energy, and phase change. In this paper, we conduct many experiments to show that the phase change of the audio signals in DA/AD conversions may be represented as the temporal scaling, which results in the desynchronization of the watermark. Furthermore, we analyze the performance of quantization-based audio watermarking against Gaussian noises and the modification of signal amplitude. We present the corresponding calculation expression of BER. Finally, it is concluded that quantization-based audio watermarking is very susceptible to DA/AD conversions.