5G-Enabled Fault Detection and Diagnostics: How Do We Achieve Efficiency?

The fifth-generation (5G) wireless network technologies and mobile-edge computing (MEC) provide great promises of enabling new capabilities for the industrial Internet of Things (IoT). However, the solutions enabled by the 5G ultrareliable low-latency communication (URLLC) paradigm come with challenges, where URLLC alone does not necessarily guarantee the efficient execution of time-critical fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) applications. Based on the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process model, we propose the concept of the communication-edge-computing (CEC) loop and a system model for evaluating the efficiency of FDD applications. We then formulate an optimization problem for achieving the defined CEC efficiency and discuss some typical solutions to the generic CEC-based FDD services (FDDS) and propose a new uplink (UL)-based communication protocol called "ReFlexUp." From the performance analysis and numerical results, the proposed ReFlexUp protocol shows its effectiveness compared to the typical protocols, such as Selective Repeat automatic repeat request (ARQ), hybrid ARQ (HARQ), and "Occupy CoW" in terms of the key metrics, such as latency, reliability, and efficiency. These results are further convinced from the mmWave-based simulations in a typical 5G MEC-based implementation.