Since General Secretary Xi of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the idea of accurate poverty alleviation, the Chinese government has continuously strengthened its support for agricultural insurance, so that agricultural insurance has become a reduction in farmers' losses and compensation for farmers' income. Maintain social stability and other important guarantees in many people's livelihood construction plans, constantly enrich the role of agricultural insurance to benefit farmers and support agriculture. By constructing three kinds of indicators of output, input and environmental variables, this paper evaluates the efficiency of poverty alleviation in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government by using the three-stage DEA model, which is based on the relevant statistical data of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in 2017. The factors that affect the process are analyzed. The results show that the influence of local general fiscal income on poverty alleviation efficiency is negative, the influence of fixed asset investment on poverty alleviation efficiency is positive, and the influence of farmers' education level on poverty alleviation efficiency is positive. From the point of view of the overall efficiency value, the efficiency of the eastern region of China is the most leading, the central part ranks second, the west is the lowest, and there are great differences between the regions. Therefore, the formulation of poverty alleviation policy in our country needs to be tailored to local conditions, manage according to the actual situation of each province, increase the public financial investment in rural areas, and constantly improve the education level of farmers, and promote the development of agricultural insurance in disaster-hit areas.
