Accurate long-term monitoring of a threatened species' population size and trend is important for conservation management. The endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) is a non-colonial breeder. Population monitoring of the subantarctic population has focused on beach counts rather than nesting birds. Here, we combined intensive nest-searching and counts of transiting penguins on Enderby Island, Auckland Islands, over 3 years to establish the relationship between count numbers and breeding birds. Morning beach counts of transiting penguins were extrapolated to estimate breeding population for the entire Auckland Island group from 2012 to 2017. Breeding numbers varied considerably between years, but overall did not appear to be declining in the short term. Breeding birds at the Auckland Islands averaged 577 pairs annually over the three ground-truthed breeding seasons, similar to the lower estimate of 520-680 pairs from the last survey in 1989, but less than the higher estimate of 650-1,009 pairs generated from that survey. Direct comparison of beach counts indicated a large decline, but these may be more prone to uncertainty. Large variations between years indicated variable breeding effort. The Auckland Islands (particularly Enderby Island) represent 37-49% of the total breeding population for yellow-eyed penguins, indicating the importance of the subantarctic populations for the species. We recommend ongoing monitoring, including mark-recapture methods, for future population estimates. At least 50% of the individuals in an area should be marked to reduce confidence intervals of estimates.
机构:
Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase Res, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase Res, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Alley, Maurice R.
Suepaul, Rod B.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ West Indies, Fac Med Sci, Sch Vet Med, St Augustine, Trinidad TobagoMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase Res, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Suepaul, Rod B.
McKinlay, Bruce
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Dept Conservat, Coastal Otago Area Off, POB 5244, Dunedin 9058, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase Res, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
McKinlay, Bruce
Young, Melanie J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Dept Conservat, Coastal Otago Area Off, POB 5244, Dunedin 9058, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase Res, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Young, Melanie J.
Wang, Jianning
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Australian Anim Hlth Lab, 5 Portarlingtong Rd, Geelong, Vic 3219, AustraliaMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase Res, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Wang, Jianning
Morgan, Kerri J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase Res, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase Res, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Morgan, Kerri J.
Hunter, Stuart A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase Res, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase Res, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Hunter, Stuart A.
Gartrell, Brett D.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase Res, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase Res, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
机构:
Massey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Massey Univ, Zool & Ecol Grp, Palmerston North, New ZealandMassey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Muller, C. G.
Chilvers, B. L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Chilvers, B. L.
French, R. K.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Zool & Ecol Grp, Palmerston North, New ZealandMassey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
French, R. K.
Battley, P. F.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Zool & Ecol Grp, Palmerston North, New ZealandMassey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
机构:
Massey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Massey Univ, Sch Agr & Environm, Wildlife & Ecol Grp, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Muller, C. G.
Chilvers, B. L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Chilvers, B. L.
Chiaradia, A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Phillip Isl Nat Pk, Conservat Dept, POB 97, Cowes, Vic 3922, AustraliaMassey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Chiaradia, A.
French, R. K.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Sch Agr & Environm, Wildlife & Ecol Grp, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
French, R. K.
Kato, A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
La Rochelle Univ, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, UMR 7372 CNRS, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, FranceMassey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Kato, A.
Ropert-Coudert, Y.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
La Rochelle Univ, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, UMR 7372 CNRS, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, FranceMassey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Ropert-Coudert, Y.
Battley, P. F.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Sch Agr & Environm, Wildlife & Ecol Grp, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Wildbase, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
机构:
Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Webster, Rebecca K. E.
Aguilar, Roberto F.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Aguilar, Roberto F.
Argandona-Gonzalez, Anna-Karina
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Argandona-Gonzalez, Anna-Karina
Conayne, Pauline
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Conayne, Pauline
De Sousa, Deneka
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
De Sousa, Deneka
Sriram, Aditi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Sriram, Aditi
Svensson, Carina M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Svensson, Carina M.
Gartrell, Brett D.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandMassey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wildbase, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand