Post-operative cognitive disorders in the elderly

Two distinct categories: Postoperative cognitive disorders include delinum and longterm cognitive dysfunction. Delerium: Delirium is an acute state occurring early during the postoperative period. It may be considered as an acute cerebral insufficiency which may be consecutive both to die negative effects of aging and chronic illness on cognitive function, and to the cerebral impact of operative stress, in addition, precipitating postoperative medical factors may facilitate cerebral failure. Only a few studies have been devoted to prevention programs aimed at reducing the risk of postoperative delirium. Nevertheless, we can hypothesize that a preoperative gerontology assessment would be effective in determining risk factors of delirium in old patients and thus enable proposing individual postoperative management. Long-term cognitive dysfunction: The definition of this clinical picture is less precise than delinum. Long-term cognitive dysfunction corresponds to a loss of cognitive performance in the weeks and months after anesthesia. The IPOCD1 study conducted in a large cohort of elderly patients has shown that postoperative cognitive dysfunction was present in 25.8% of patients 1 week alter surgery and in 9.9% 3 months after surgery. One to two years alter surgery, cognitive dysfunction was observed in 10.4% of patients compared with 10.6% in a control population of non-operated patients. We would suggest that in many cases, postoperative cognitive disfunction may result from preoperative dementia unmasked by surgery.