Synthesis and Properties of Copolymers Composed of Arylenevinylene and Phenothiazine for Organic Solar Cells

A series of new organic semiconducting copolymers composed of {(2E,2'E)-3,3'-[2,5-bis(octyloxy)-1,4-phenylene]-bis[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acrylonitrile]}(OPTAN) and 10(2'-ethylhexylphenothiazine) (PTZ) monomers, (the copolymers are hereafter referred to as poly(OPTAN-co-PTZ)s), were synthesized by using Suzuki coupling polymerization in which the monomer ratios were controlled. An increase in the OPTAN content shifted the peak and onset absorption of the copolymers to the longer wavelength regions, which resulted in a decrease in the band gap energy. The maximum UV absorption of the polymer films was in the range 523-540 nm and the optical band gap energies were in the range 1.90-1.87 eV. Energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the polymers were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The HOMO energy level of the copolymers was between -5.07 and -5.12 eV. Photovoltaic devices were fabricated by using the copolymers as the p-type donor and C(60)-PCBM or C(70)-PCBM as the electron acceptors. The device with poly(500PTAN-alt-50PTZ) and C(70)-PCBM showed the best performance among the fabricated devices; the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and maximum power conversion efficiency of this device were 0.79 V, 5.25 mA/cm(2), 0.30, and 1.25%, respectively.