Prevalence and clinical characterisation of patients with severe partial respiratory failure admitted to an intensive care unit

Objective: The authors analysed patients with severe partial respiratory failure (SPRF) admitted to a general Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The prevalence and clinical characteristics of these patients were evaluated. This work aims to study the rate of and to clinically chatacterise the patient population admitted to an Intensive Care Unit with acute severe partial respiratory failure. Material and methods: In 16-bed ICU of a central Hospital in Lisbon, patients admitted in the year 2004 were analysed. Patients with SPRF were recruited form patients with an ICU stay > 24 hours. They were selected according to PaO(2) and FiO(2) and clinically characterized. Results: During die study period 472 patients were admitted, and 378 presented an ICU stay > 24 hours and were enrolled. From those, 142 (37.6%) met criteria for SPRF. Of these, 45 (31.7%) a pulmonary aetiology of SPRF was identified. Patients with SRPF were older, had longer ICU stay, and presented higher severity indexes and mortality. The prevalence of adult respiratory distress syndrome was possible to evaluate in the deceased patients with SPRF (n=52). In these we could find 12 (23%) patients that met criteria for that entity. By multivariate analysis the mortality of patients with SRPF correlated with older age and the presence of circulatory failure (p < 0.001). Conclusions: SPRF is a situation highly prevalent in the ICU studied. To better understand the prevalence of this entity, properly designed studies are needed in order to establish its epidemiology and clinical characteristics.