The structure and magnetic properties of Nd(Fe, Mo)(12)N-x compounds prepared by mechanical alloying have been studied using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements. After heat treatment and nitriding, it is found that almost single-phase Nd(Fe, Mo)(12)N-x can be obtained. Electron microscopy revealed a nanometer grain size of 10-30 nm and the magnets have a remanence enhancement of approximately 60% of the saturation. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics.