Doses to organs at risk for conformational and stereotactic radiotherapy: Bladder

Bladder dose constraints in case of conformational radiotherapy/intensity-modulated radiotherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy are reported from the literature, in particular from the French radiotherapy society RECORAD recommendations, according to the treated pelvic tumor sites. The dose-volume effect on urinary toxicity is not clearly demonstrated, making difficult to establish absolute dose constraints for the bladder. In case of high-dose prostate cancer radiotherapy, the bladder dose constraints are: V60 Gy < 50% and maximum dose < 80 Gy for standard fractionation and V60 Gy < 5%, V48 Gy < 25% and V41Gy < 50% for moderate hypofractionation (20 fractions of 3 Gy). In case of prostate stereotactic radiotherapy (five fractions of 7.25 Gy), the most frequent dose constraints in the literature are V37 Gy < 10 cm(3) and V18 Gy < 40%. In case of conformational radiotherapy of cervix cancer, postoperative endometrium, anal canal and rectum, the recommendations are V40 Gy <40% and D2% lower than the prescribed dose. (C) 2017 Societe francaise de radiotherapie oncologique (SFRO). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.