The effects of kaempferol on redox-associated enzymes in normal human keratinocytes were studied. It enhanced the gene expression of thioredoxin reductase 1 and thioredoxin. Flavonols had higher ability to induce the expression of these genes than the other antioxidants and the other flavonoids tested. Furthermore, kaempferol and quercetin increased the activity of thioredoxin reductase in normal human keratinocytes.