Synthesis and evaluation of intercalating somatostatin receptor binding peptide conjugates for endoradiotherapy

Purpose: Intercalators, planar aromatic compounds, are able to interact with DNA by sandwiching themselves between the stacked bases at right angles to the long axis of the helix. Under certain circumstances, Auger- electron-emitting radionuclides can be extremely radiotoxic and produce extensive DNA damage. Auger electron- emitting radioisotopes, are known to be highly cytotoxic when localized in cell nuclei due to highly localized energy deposition by low energy Auger electrons. In addition binding to the DNA might increase the retention in the receptor expressing tissues. Methods: In order to exploit the cytotoxic potential of intercalator- Auger- emitter conjugates, bis- benzimidazole dyes, Hoechst 33258 and 33342, were linked to a somatostatin receptor affine carrier peptide. For this purpose a bisbenzimidazole intercalating moiety was prepared using variations on the literature methods. The intercalating moieties were coupled under normal SPPS conditions to the carrier peptide, Tyr(3)-octreotate. To attach the chelating agent ( DOTA) to the intercalating moiety, a free amine derivative was prepared and coupled in solution to DOTA tris-t-butyl ester. The resulting chelator- intercalator conjugate was then coupled to a Tyr(3)- octreotate carrying resin using SPPS. Results: The peptide conjugates were obtained in good yields after HPLC chromatography. The cellular uptake of the novel conjugates was determined using fluorescence microscopy. All intercalator- peptide conjugates revealed somatostatin receptor binding affinities in the nanomolar range. Conclusions: The novel chelator- intercalator derivatives of the somatostatin receptor binding Tyr(3)- octreotate introduce a new scope to the range of tracers for therapeutic purposes.