Two different doses of gluten show a dose-dependent response of enteropathy but not of serological markers during gluten challenge in children with coeliac disease

In order to study dose-dependency in histopathological reactions and in changes of serological markers of mucosal relapse, gluten challenge was performed with two defined amounts of gluten in 54 children with earlier enteropathy. Gluten was provided in the form of powder and the patients were randomly allotted to either 0.2 (group A, n = 27) or 0.5 (group B, n = 27) grams per kg body weight per day. At the start and after 4 wk of challenge a small intestinal biopsy was performed, Biopsy specimens were evaluated, in accordance with defined criteria, graded and summarized in an enteropathy score. Blood was sampled at the start and after 2 and 4 wk of challenge. Serum levels of anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) and anti-endomysium antibodies (EmA) were measured. Within 4 wk of challenge, 24 out of 27 patients in group A and all patients in group B had relapsed. After increasing the gluten dose to 0.5 g/kg/d juring the subsequent 4 Wk. the three non-relapsing patients also relapsed. Conclusion: The severity of mucosal inflammation was significantly higher for group B (p = 0.04) indicating a dose-related severity of the enteropathy. No significant difference was found for maximum AGA level, or in the proportion of patients that converted to pathological values for AGA or EmA.