Characteristics of pulmonary mucormycosis and the experiences of surgical resection

Background: Pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) is a relatively rare but fatal infection. However, detailed surgery data have been lacking. We summarized the characteristics of this rare disease and clarified the experiences of surgical resection Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study of seven patients with PM who underwent surgical resection at China-Japan Friendship Hospital from May 2011 to May 2018. Results: Patient ages ranged from 18 to 70 years, with a median age of 47 years. Manual workers (85.7%) were the most common occupation and their educational level was also below high school. Diabetes was the most common underlying condition. The most common radiographic finding was lobar consolidation. Three patients directly underwent open thoracotomy, one patient underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and three patients converted from VATS to thoracotomy. The median operation time was 240 min [interquartile range (IQR), 150-390 min], the median intraoperative blood loss was 500 mt. (IQR, 100-1,200 mL) and the median intraoperative blood transfusion was 600 mL (IQR, 0-1,600 mL). In-hospital, 90-day, 1-year and 5-year mortality were 14.3%, 14.3%, 28.8% and 42.9%, respectively. Conclusions: PM is a rare but fatal infection. Due to chest adhesion and vascular invasion, the proportion of massive bleeding and long operation time has increased sharply.