Evaluation of the use of therapeutic footwear in people with diabetes mellitus - a scoping review

Foot ulcers are one of the major complications of Diabetes Mellitus and are associated with increasing rates of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that 2% of diabetic patients present lesions in the feet, with relapse rates between 30% and 40% in the first year after healing of the first ulcerations. Therapeutic footwear is one of the main strategies to prevent foot ulceration. OBJECTIVES: To identify in the literature aspects related to the recommendation of health professionals and the use of therapeutic footwear by patients with Diabetes Mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Scoping review of literature in the Scopus, Scielo, Pubmed and Cochrane databases, using diabetic foot crosswords and therapeutic footwear. RESULTS: Twenty-six articles were included in this review. The majority was systematic reviews (46.15%) with published date from 2016 (38.5%). Of the 26 articles included, 10 (38.5%) referred to adherence to the use of footwear, 10 (38.5%) the difficulty to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention and 6 (23.0%) to changes in the balance and biomechanics patterns In the studies, the use of therapeutic footwear is linked to the reduction of the risk of ulceration or its recurrence in people with diabetes who already have diabetic neuropathy as chronic complication of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic footwear for diabetics was able to produce significant reductions of peak plantar pressure in static and dynamic analysis, being more efficient than a common footwear, and could contribute to the prevention of injuries associated with diabetic foot.