Proposed dual antagonist approach for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Urinary tract infections are among the most common infectious diseases worldwide, primarily caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains that harbor type I pili and P pili on the surface. Standard E. coli therapy still entails antibiotic consumption, but urinary tract infections tend to recur at a very high rate. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of UPEC, as well as high infection recurrence rates, there is a need for new approaches to efficiently treat and prevent urinary tract infections. Since aforementioned adhesive organelles are the principal virulence factors in UPEC, anti-adhesion strategy seems to be the most promising (and hitherto unexplored) treatment option. Here we propose an antiadhesive dual targeting approach towards FimH and PapG adhesive proteins placed on two key virulence factors for UPEC - type I fimbriae and P pili. Such dual antagonists will contain appropriate pharmacophores (mannose and natural cranberry-containing polyphenol) joined together and will more efficiently block the infection and prevent the progression of the disease in comparison to FimH and PapG as isolated targets. More specifically, polyphenol mannosides (due to the structural similarities with the most potent biaryl inhibitors) can act as high-affinity FimH ligands, while cranberry-associated polyphenol moiety can additionally inhibit the PapG-mediated adhesion. Proposed compound may also contribute to the antioxidant capacity of the human organism. In conclusion, this dual-target hypothesis for the prevention and treatment of UPEC infections represents an important foundation for further research on this topic.