[1] WifOR Inst, Unit Hlth Econ, D-64285 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany
[2] Yokohama City Univ, Unit Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Sch Med, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
[3] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Tokyo, Japan
[4] Futaba Clin, Unit Otorhinolaryngol, Tokyo, Japan
[5] Novartis Pharma KK, Unit Hlth Econ, Tokyo, Japan
[6] Novartis Corp Sdn Bhd, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
[7] Int Univ Hlth & Welf, Sch Med, Narita, Japan