Stochastic gravitational wave background from exoplanets

Recent exoplanet surveys have predicted a very large population of planetary systems in our galaxy, more than one planet per star on the average, perhaps totaling about two hundred billion. These surveys, based on electromagnetic observations, are limited to a very small neighborhood of the solar system and the estimations rely on the observations of only a few thousand planets. On the other hand, orbital motions of planets around stars are expected to emit gravitational waves (GW), which could provide information about the planets not accessible to electromagnetic astronomy. The cumulative effect of the planets, with periods ranging from a few hours to several years, is expected to create a stochastic GW background (SGWB). We compute the characteristic GW strain of this background based on the observed distribution of planet parameters. We also show that the integrated extragalactic background is comparable to or less than the galactic background at different frequencies. Our estimate shows that the net background is significantly below the sensitivities of the proposed GWexperiments in different frequency bands. However, we notice that the peak of the spectrum, at around 10(-5) Hz, is not too far below the proposed space-based GW missions. A future space-based mission may be able to observe or tightly constrain this signal, which will possibly be the only way to probe the galactic population of exoplanets as a whole.