Analysis of the Association between Female Medical History and Thyroid Cancer in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HEXA Data

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between female medical history and thyroid cancer. Methods: Data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were collected from 2004 to 2016. Among a total of 1303 participants with thyroid cancer and 106,602 control (non-thyroid cancer) participants, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hysterectomy, oophorectomy, use of oral contraceptives, and number of children were evaluated. Results: The adjusted OR of hysterectomy for thyroid cancer was 1.73 (95% CI = 1.48-2.01, p < 0.001) in the minimally adjusted model. The adjusted ORs for thyroid cancer were 1.89 (95% CI = 1.06-3.37, p = 0.031), 0.89 (95% CI = 0.83-0.94, p < 0.001), and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.73-0.99, p = 0.040) for bilateral oophorectomy, number of children, and use of oral contraceptives, respectively, in the fully adjusted model. In the subgroup analysis, the adjusted ORs of bilateral oophorectomy were significant in the younger age (OR = 3.62, 95% CI = 1.45-9.03, p = 0.006), while the number of children was significant in the older age (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.80-0.93, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The ORs of hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy were significantly higher in the thyroid cancer group in the younger age group. The adjusted ORs of the number of children were significantly low in the older age group.