Modeling with strategies to control the adverse effects of global warming on marine ecosystems

Global warming is rapidly warming seawater and introducing acidification that adversely affects marine ecosystems. Consequently, temperature-sensitive fishery resources are under great threat, and if the current situation continues, global marine ecosystems could turn into an ecological desert by the end of the century. In this paper, we first formulate a nonlinear dynamic mathematical model to illustrate the adverse effects of global warming and rapid concentrations of greenhouse gas (GHG) on marine ecosystems. We then develop a control system adopting coastal forestation and plankton nutrients as two control techniques. Here, coastal forestation is adopted to lessen the concentration GHGs by absorbing carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, whereas plankton nutrients are applied to improve planktonic diversity that can provide more food to marine fishes. The purpose of the control system is to increase fish population in marine ecosystems by providing a suitable environment, i.e., proper temperature, low acidity, and sufficient food. The control system and how it can balance the situation are verified by analysis. We confirm the results by examining different cases compared with other articles. Results disclose that the control system can improve marine ecosystems increasing plankton's density and fishery resources and reduce global warming and GHGs concentration. The results further show that the system is more effective if both control strategies are applied together instead of just one. Overall, this study suggests that fish population in marine ecosystems can be increased and the adverse effects of global warming can be reduced by implementing adequate coastal forestation and plankton nutrients.