Progress in control and coordination of energy storage system-based VSG: a review

Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is an important concept toward frequency stabilisation of the modern power system. The penetration of power electronic-based power generation in power grid reduces the total inertia, and thus increases the risk of frequency instability when disturbance occurs in the grid. VSG produces virtual inertia by injecting appropriate active power value to the grid when needed. This virtual inertia can stabilise the grid frequency in case of a power imbalance between generation and loads or any disturbances that affected frequency stability. Its intensive research can see the importance of VSG in inertia control and various intelligent controller techniques. Owing to the importance of VSG in the modern power grid, this study provides a comprehensive review on the control and coordination of VSG toward grid stabilisation in terms of frequency, voltage and oscillation damping during inertia response. A review on the type of energy storage system used for VSG and their benefits is also presented. Finally, perspective on the technical challenges and potential future research related to VSG is also discussed in this study.