The Impact of Pop-Up Clinical Electronic Health Record Decision Tools on Ordering Pulmonary Embolism Studies in the Emergency Department

Background: Emergency physicians make time-sensitive care decisions for life threatening diagnoses and utilize evidence-based decision rules and testing with high sensitivity to ensure that critical diagnoses are not missed. Current literature suggests that there is over testing for pulmonary embolism in the emergency department. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether the addition of a pop-up notification of the Modified Wells Criteria into the workflow would impact the number of total orders for computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) or the diagnostic yield of those studies. Methods: This study was a retrospective observational study comparing CTPA utilization rates and diagnostic yield among physicians at a single academic emergency department in the 1 year prior and 1 year post implementation of an active electronic health recored (EHR) pop-up of Modified Well's scoring when ordering a CTPA. Results: CTPA utilization rates were statistically equivalent, p < 0.0001 within a 0.5% equivalence margin, during the pre and post intervention years. The observed difference was 0.1% (95% CI -0.02%, 0.21%). Despite proving equivalence in the rates of CTPA studies ordered, the diagnostic yield, however, was significantly different (p = 0.001), 32.35% in the pre-intervention year compared to 41.60% in the post-intervention year. Conclusion: There are many barriers to the implementation of successful EHR alerts. These findings support and validate previous studies that have shown a higher diagnostic yield of CT angiography for pulmonary embolism after implementation of active alerts integrated into the EHR with ordering studies. These tools are effective quality improvement initiatives, and their use should be encouraged. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.