The status of (secondary) community law in the French internal order:: The recent case-law of the Conseil constitutionnel and the Conseil d'Etat

Conseil constitutionnel and Conseil d'Etat now both hold that Article 88-1 of the French Constitution contains the duty to implement Community law - The Conseil constitutionnel tests whether acts of parliament manifestly contravene unconditional and precisely phrased provisions of Community law - Reservation of sovereignty: duty to implement Community law limited by France's constitutional identity for the Conseil constitutionnel by the absence of equivalent protection on the Community level for the Conseil d'Etat - Supremacy of the Constitution not affected.