Development of Local Government Capacity in Managing Indonesia-Malaysia Border Area (Study on Sebatik Island)

It is not simple to control the border between Indonesia and Malaysia. Through the National Border Management Agency, the central government has managed the border regions (BNPP). Still, the agency's performance has not effectively met the needs of the border regions notably for the district's/small city's outermost islands. The local governments of Indonesia and Malaysia face difficulties in managing the border. The study aims to assess the provincial government's capacities and develop a conceptual model of government capacity building in border management. This study employs a mixed-methods design that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. The evaluation instruments included document analysis, FGD, PROSE, and OCAT. Due to a lack of institutional commitment and systematic policies, the research reveals that the local government has adopted occasional efforts to manage the border areas, with sporadic success. Local government capacity-building methods are sustainable and integrated into a cycle that begins with outlining the concerns and necessary actions to consider in the capacity. The construction procedure and guidance on essential tools and techniques. The primary levels assess ability, strategy, plan, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. These findings are limited to the North Kalimantan Province border region and cannot be applied to other areas. Even though the study contributes to the proposal of a model for border areas administered by the central government in collaboration with local governments, it is not comprehensive.