Safety of High Doses of Urokinase and Reteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: ET is considered in selected patients with AIS with persistent arterial occlusion after receiving IVT. Limited data exist on the safety of IA high doses of UK and RI for ET. We investigated any correlation between IA doses of UK or RI and safety outcomes in patients who underwent ET. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified all patients from our stroke registry who received UK or FIT for ET from 1998 to 2008. Demographics, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, recanalization rates, rates of attempted MT, mortality, SICH, and discharge modified Rankin Scale scores were collected. RESULTS: Of 197 patients; 72 received UK and 125 received RT. More than 90% of patients in both groups had received prior IVT. The median IA dose of UK was 200,000 U (range, 25,000-1,500,000 U) and of RT was 2 mg (range, 1-8 mg). Concurrent MT was attempted in 59.7% of UK-treated patients and 72.0% of RT-treated patients, with SICH rates of 4.2% and 8.0%, respectively. Logistic regression adjusting for prior IVT and MT revealed no correlation between SICH and doses of UK (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.00; P = .94) or RI (OR, 0.803; 95% CI, 0.48-1.33; P = .39). There was no correlation between mortality and doses of UK (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.00; P = .51) or RI (OR, 1.048; 95% CI, 0.77-1.42; P = .75). CONCLUSIONS: High IA doses of UK and RI may be safe when given with or without MT in patients with AIS despite receiving a full dose of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. These results need prospective validation.