Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Edible Vegetable Seeds and Oil Samples Available in Pakistani Retail Markets and Estimation of Dietary Intake in Consumers

被引：13

作者：

Waqas, Muhammad ^{[1
]}

Iqbal, Shahzad Zafar ^{[1
]}

Razis, Ahmad Faizal Abdull ^{[2
,3
]}

Pervaiz, Wajeeha ^{[1
]}

Ahmad, Touheed ^{[1
]}

Usman, Sunusi ^{[2
]}

Ali, Nada Basheir ^{[3
]}

Asi, Muhammad Rafique ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Govt Coll Univ Faisalabad, Dept Appl Chem, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

[2] Univ Putra Malaysia, Inst Biosci, Nat Med & Prod Res Lab, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

[3] Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Food Sci & Technol, Dept Food Sci, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

[4] NIAB, Food Toxicol Lab, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

来源：

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH | 2021年 / 18卷 / 15期

关键词：

AFB(1); AFs; vegetable seeds; vegetable oils; dietary intake; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; PUNJAB; CONTAMINATION; OCHRATOXIN; M-1; B-1; MILK; ZEARALENONE; SUNFLOWER; PRODUCTS;

D O I：

10.3390/ijerph18158015

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites toxic to humans as well as animals. The environmental conditions, conventional agricultural practices, and illiteracy are the main factors which favor the production of AFs in food and feed. In the current study 744 samples of vegetable seeds and oils (soybean, sunflower, canola, olive, corn, and mustard) were collected and tested for the presence of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) and total AFs. Liquid-liquid extraction was employed for the extraction of AFs from seeds and oil samples. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detection was used for the analysis. The results have shown that 92 (56.7%) samples of imported and 108 (57.0%) samples of local edible seeds were observed to be contaminated with AFs. All samples of edible seeds have AFB(1) levels greater than the proposed limit set by the European Union (EU, 2 mu g/kg) and 12 (7.40%) samples of imported seeds and 14 (7.40%) samples of local seeds were found in the range >= 50 mu g/kg. About 78 (43.3%) samples of imported edible oil and 103 (48.3%) sample of local edible oil were observed to be positive for AFs. Furthermore, 16 (8.88%) and six (3.33%) samples of imported vegetable oil have levels of total AFs in a range (21-50 mu g/kg) and greater than 50 mu g/kg, respectively. The findings indicate significant differences in AFs levels between imported and local vegetable oil samples (t = 22.27 and p = 0.009) at alpha = 0.05 and a significant difference in AFs levels were found between vegetable seeds and oil samples (t = -17.75, p = 0.009) at alpha = 0.05. The highest dietary intake was found for a local sunflower oil sample (0.90 mu g/kg/day) in female individuals (16-22 age group). The results have shown considerably high levels of AFB1 and total AFs in seeds and oil samples and emphasise the need to monitor carefully the levels of these toxic substances in food and feed on regular basis.

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页数：12