Bolivia;
Latin America;
Political pandemic;
Health pandemic;
Institutional fragility;
D O I:
10.31439/UNISCI-116
中图分类号:
D81 [国际关系];
学科分类号:
030207 ;
摘要:
This article argues that Bolivia has been affected, at the same time, by two pandemics, the political and the sanitary. It also argues that institutional fragility and the weakness of health structures and organizations have been a disadvantage in the management of the pandemic, which has not been free of political influences for the benefit of one or the other side, aggravating and harming, in the end, the most disadvantaged population. This, additionally in an economic context of great informality that has been seriously damaged, affecting the weakest who earn their living in this informal sector of the economy. The internal power struggles in Bolivia have been in practice a factor that has negatively affected the management of the pandemic at the national level.
机构:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Childrens Med Ctr, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran
Univ Sci Educ & Res Network USERN, Network Immun Infect Malignancy & Autoimmun NIIMA, Tehran, IranUniv Tehran Med Sci, Childrens Med Ctr, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran
Jabbari, Parnian
Jabbari, Forouq
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机构:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Maternal Fetal & Neonatal Res Ctr, Tehran, IranUniv Tehran Med Sci, Childrens Med Ctr, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran
Jabbari, Forouq
Ebrahimi, Saied
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机构:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Res Dept Rajaei Heart Ctr, Tehran, IranUniv Tehran Med Sci, Childrens Med Ctr, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran
Ebrahimi, Saied
Rezaei, Nima
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机构:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Childrens Med Ctr, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran
Univ Sci Educ & Res Network USERN, Network Immun Infect Malignancy & Autoimmun NIIMA, Tehran, Iran
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Tehran, IranUniv Tehran Med Sci, Childrens Med Ctr, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran
机构:
Univ Michigan, Hlth Sparrow Med Grp, 1215 East Michigan Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48912 USA
Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI USAUniv Michigan, Hlth Sparrow Med Grp, 1215 East Michigan Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48912 USA
Littlejohn, Elizabeth
Schein, Rebecca
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机构:
Michigan State Univ, Dept Pediat & Human Dev, Pediat Infect Dis, E Lansing, MI USAUniv Michigan, Hlth Sparrow Med Grp, 1215 East Michigan Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48912 USA
机构:
Univ G DAnnunzio, Dept Med Oral & Biotechnol Sci, Human & Clin Nutr Unit, Chieti, ItalyUniv G DAnnunzio, Dept Med Oral & Biotechnol Sci, Human & Clin Nutr Unit, Chieti, Italy
Gammone, Maria Alessandra
D'Orazio, Nicolantonio
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机构:
Univ G DAnnunzio, Dept Med Oral & Biotechnol Sci, Human & Clin Nutr Unit, Chieti, ItalyUniv G DAnnunzio, Dept Med Oral & Biotechnol Sci, Human & Clin Nutr Unit, Chieti, Italy