Energy-aware enterprise-wide optimization and clean energy in the industrial gas industry

Industrial gases, such as nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen, play an essential role in a wide range of sectors, including chemicals, metals, energy, and healthcare. Due to the high energy intensity of the production processes, the industrial gas industry is constantly exploring opportunities to reduce its energy cost. In addition, with the urgent need for decarbonization, there has been a strong push for clean technologies, especially in the hydrogen business. In this work, we review the existing literature on energy-aware optimization for the industrial gas industry, focusing on decision-making at the enterprise level in atmospheric gases and hydrogen supply chains. Case studies drawn from previous industry-university research collaborations are presented to highlight the potential benefits of demand response. Moreover, we provide a perspective on opportunities and challenges in clean energy for this industry, emphasizing the need to transition to more sustainable and agile industrial gas supply chains.