Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in cream and ice cream using modified QuEChERS extraction and GC-QqQ-MS/MS method: A risk assessment study

The concentrations of six non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) were measured using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with triple-quadrupole (QqQ) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method in cream and ice cream offered in Tehran (Iran). The results showed the limits of detection, limit of quantification and recovery for the PCB analytes in the ranges 0.04-0.16, 0.132-0.482 ng/g fat, 5.2-9.2 and 95.5-107.2%, respectively. The results showed the mean concentration of total 6NDL-PCBs in cream (21.634 +/- 2.18 ng/g fat) was higher than that in the ice cream (12.317 +/- 1.524 ng/g fat) samples. The estimated daily intake (EDI) was lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI < 10 ng/kg BW/day). Ultimately, the probabilistic model with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) revealed the incremental lifetime cancer risk levels (95th) of PCB compounds in ice cream (adults = 1.62E-6 and children = 4.37E-6) and cream (adults = 9.65E-7 and children = 7.57E-6) were lower than the level of acceptable risk (10(-4)).