Identifying and managing adverse drug reactions: Qualitative analysis of patient reports to the UK yellow card scheme

Introduction Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can have significant negative impact on peoples' daily lives, with physical, economic, social and/or psychological effects. Patient reporting of ADRs has been facilitated by pharmacovigilance systems across Europe. However, capturing data on patients' experiences of ADRs has proved challenging. Existing patient reports to the UK Yellow Card Scheme contain free-text comments which could be useful sources of information. Objectives To investigate patients' experiences of ADRs and their impact on patients as described in free-text data within patient Yellow Card (YC) reports submitted to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Methods A qualitative review of narrative texts was conducted on free-text data from 2255 patient YC reports from July to December 2015. Results Three key narrative themes emerged from analysis of the free-text data in 2255 reports: (1) identification of ADRs, (2) severity and impact of ADRs, and (3) management of ADRs. Temporal associations were the most common method of identification followed by differential diagnoses and confirmation with information sources such as healthcare professionals (HCPs). A combination of explicit and implicit impacts were described: physical, psychological, economic and social effects often persisted and caused serious disruption to many patients' lives. A range of strategies were used to manage ADRs, including consultation with HCPs, stopping/reducing the medicine or taking medicines to alleviate symptoms. Conclusion Free-text data from YC reports has been an underutilised resource to date, but this research has confirmed its potential value to pharmacovigilance and medication safety research.