Factors Contributing to Perioperative Medication Errors: A Systematic Literature Review

We conducted a systematic literature review using PubMed and Ovid to analyze the factors contributing to perioperative medication errors (MEs). After the screening process, we included 19 studies in the systematic review. Certain factors emerged as contributors to perioperative MEs in the following categories: types of errors, causes of errors, human factors, medication types, and environmental factors. Across the studies, the most common type of error was wrong dose, and the most common causes of error were labeling and syringe swaps. Haste, stress, distraction, and decreased vigilance all increased MEs. Inaccurate medication reconciliation and patient lack of understanding contributed to MEs both preoperatively and postoperatively. Analgesics, antibiotics, and vasopressors were the medications associated with the highest incidences of error across the perioperative area. These findings may help clinicians formulate strategies to improve perioperative medication systems and decrease perioperative MEs.