Using drawings of pain-related images to understand the experience of chronic pain: A qualitative study

Introduction This study aimed to use drawing as a means to explore the content of pain-related images in a sample of people with chronic pain. Method Adults (n=90) attending three United Kingdom National Health Service pain clinics were asked to bring to mind and draw an image of their pain. Drawings were analysed using critical visual analysis methodology. Results Fifty-four participants drew a picture of their pain. Drawings were vivid, emotionally charged and included catastrophic interpretations of pain. Image content was described using three main themes: pain as an attacker, the nature of pain (pain sensations, timeline, pain location) and the impact of pain (pain as a barrier, being trapped by pain and the future with pain). Drawings reflected different perspectives taken in the image, with images of the person themselves in pain (as if seen through the eyes of an observer) evoking a sense of helplessness and isolation. Conclusion Pain-related images can provide a valuable insight into people's pain worlds, with images reflecting pain cognitions and barriers to recovery. Clinicians may find drawing a helpful tool in the assessment and management of chronic pain, enabling a visual and shareable language for pain.